April 2017

Research articles

1. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
   2. Plant Biology

   The MBD7 complex promotes expression of methylated transgenes without significantly altering their methylation status

   Dongming Li, Ana Marie S Palanca ... Julie A Law

   The METHYL-CpG-BINDING DOMAIN 7 (MBD7) complex promotes the activation (rather than repression) of transgenes that undergo DNA methylation and it does so without significantly altering their methylation status, placing this complex downstream of DNA methylation.
2. 1. Neuroscience

   A map of abstract relational knowledge in the human hippocampal–entorhinal cortex

   Mona M Garvert, Raymond J Dolan, Timothy EJ Behrens

   Map-like organisations of relational knowledge can be extracted from the hippocampal-entorhinal system in situations where relationships are non-spatial rather than spatial, discrete rather than continuous, and unavailable to conscious awareness.
3. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

   IL17 factors are early regulators in the gut epithelium during inflammatory response to Vibrio in the sea urchin larva

   Katherine M Buckley, Eric Chun Hei Ho ... Jonathan P Rast

   Expression of two highly regulated subfamilies of the complex multigene family encoding IL-17 cytokines in the purple sea urchin are sequentially activated in a larval gut-associated inflammation model and modulate downstream gene expression in the gut epithelium.
4. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Cell Biology

   PPP1R15A-mediated dephosphorylation of eIF2α is unaffected by Sephin1 or Guanabenz

   Ana Crespillo-Casado, Joseph E Chambers ... David Ron

   The notion that the drug-like small molecule Sephin1 protects against protein misfolding by selectively disrupting a cellular phosphatase is refuted.
5. 1. Genetics and Genomics
   2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

   Host-selected mutations converging on a global regulator drive an adaptive leap towards symbiosis in bacteria

   M Sabrina Pankey, Randi L Foxall ... Cheryl A Whistler

   Selective forces imposed by the squid animal host drive rapid adaptation of non-native Vibrio fischeri bacteria through convergent mutations of large effect, unmasking preexisting coordinated regulation of symbiosis.
6. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Changes in the free-energy landscape of p38α MAP kinase through its canonical activation and binding events as studied by enhanced molecular dynamics simulations

   Antonija Kuzmanic, Ludovico Sutto ... Modesto Orozco

   Extensive molecular dynamics simulations enhanced by advanced sampling techniques give a detailed view of p38α canonical activation mechanism, which reveals novel key electrostatic interactions that are put in context of existing experimental data.
7. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
   2. Neuroscience

   Molecular mechanism of voltage-dependent potentiation of KCNH potassium channels

   Gucan Dai, William N Zagotta

   A powerful new fluorescence approach elucidates the structural mechanism for a specialized ion channel behavior important for cardiac and neuronal excitability.
8. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
   2. Neuroscience

   Structural insights into the molecular mechanisms of myasthenia gravis and their therapeutic implications

   Kaori Noridomi, Go Watanabe ... Lin Chen

   Autoantibodies from myasthenia gravis patients bind a common core region on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor through a largely conserved mechanism.
9. 1. Cancer Biology
   2. Cell Biology

   Palmitoylated SCP1 is targeted to the plasma membrane and negatively regulates angiogenesis

   Peng Liao, Weichao Wang ... Xin Ge

   Palmitoylation recruits the phosphatase SCP1 to endothelial cell membranes where it negatively regulates Akt kinase activity, resulting in suppressed angiogenesis and decreased tumorigenesis.
10. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Dual interaction of scaffold protein Tim44 of mitochondrial import motor with channel-forming translocase subunit Tim23

    See-Yeun Ting, Nicholas L Yan ... Elizabeth A Craig

    The motor that drives preproteins into the mitochondrial matrix is coupled to the translocase by Tim44, a two-domain scaffold protein with an intrinsically disordered "dynamic arm" and a structurally stable anchoring domain.
11. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Proteomic mapping of cytosol-facing outer mitochondrial and ER membranes in living human cells by proximity biotinylation

    Victoria Hung, Stephanie S Lam ... Alice Y Ting

    One minute biotinylation with APEX2 peroxidase in living cells identifies established and new components of mitochondrial and ER membranes; dataset intersection and overexpression screen identifies SYNJ2BP overexpression as inducing mitochondria-rough ER contacts.
12. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Rapid evolution of the human mutation spectrum

    Kelley Harris, Jonathan K Pritchard

    Heritable mutations tend to occur within different DNA sequence contexts in different human populations, suggesting that DNA replication and repair often change in efficacy over only a few hundred generations of evolution.
13. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Neuroscience

    Variation in olfactory neuron repertoires is genetically controlled and environmentally modulated

    Ximena Ibarra-Soria, Thiago S Nakahara ... Darren W Logan

    The neuronal composition of a mouse’s nose is individually unique due to a combination of olfactory experience and genetic variation local to olfactory receptor genes.
14. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Dual leucine zipper kinase-dependent PERK activation contributes to neuronal degeneration following insult

    Martin Larhammar, Sarah Huntwork-Rodriguez ... Trent A Watkins

    Two seemingly distinct cellular stress response pathways that contribute to neurodegeneration after axonal insults are now revealed to be under the control of a single master regulator of the neuronal injury response, the kinase DLK.
15. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    sRNA-mediated activation of gene expression by inhibition of 5'-3’ exonucleolytic mRNA degradation

    Sylvain Durand, Frédérique Braun ... Ciarán Condon

    Small regulatory RNAs are able to modulate mRNA degradation rates by controlling access to the 5' end of mRNAs in bacteria.
16. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Insight into the evolution of microbial metabolism from the deep-branching bacterium, Thermovibrio ammonificans

    Donato Giovannelli, Stefan M Sievert ... Costantino Vetriani

    The genome of Thermovibrio ammonificans encodes ancestral pathways (e.g., hydrogen oxidation) and more recently acquired ones (e.g., nitrate reduction) and a hybrid pathway for CO₂ fixation.
17. 1. Neuroscience

    The comprehensive connectome of a neural substrate for ‘ON’ motion detection in Drosophila

    Shin-ya Takemura, Aljoscha Nern ... Ian A Meinertzhagen

    Connectomic analysis identifies the complex circuits of a visual motion-sensing neuron that qualify them to generate direction-selective motion sensing signals using both Hassenstein-Reichardt and Barlow-Levick models.
18. 1. Physics of Living Systems
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Probing protein flexibility reveals a mechanism for selective promiscuity

    Nicolas A Pabon, Carlos J Camacho

    Conserved contacts on cognate ligands trigger an induced fit pathway that confers selective promiscuity to PD-1, a flexible regulatory protein and promising anticancer target.
19. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Single-molecule visualization of fast polymerase turnover in the bacterial replisome

    Jacob S Lewis, Lisanne M Spenkelink ... Antoine M van Oijen

    The canonical model that the bacterial replisome tightly holds on to its polymerases is challenged by the visualization of rapid holoenzyme exchange, both in vitro and in vivo.
20. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structure of Fam20A reveals a pseudokinase featuring a unique disulfide pattern and inverted ATP-binding

    Jixin Cui, Qinyu Zhu ... Junyu Xiao

    Fam20A, a pseudokinase involved in the formation of tooth enamel, binds ATP in an unexpected orientation.
21. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Presynaptic morphology and vesicular composition determine vesicle dynamics in mouse central synapses

    Laurent Guillaud, Dimitar Dimitrov, Tomoyuki Takahashi

    In central synapses, the mobility and supply of synaptic vesicles are determined by two independent biological factors: the morphological and structural organization of nerve terminals and the molecular signature of vesicles.
22. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Phosphorylation of iRhom2 at the plasma membrane controls mammalian TACE-dependent inflammatory and growth factor signalling

    Adam Graham Grieve, Hongmei Xu ... Matthew Freeman

    The iRhom2 protein, a catalytically inactive relative of rhomboid proteases, controls inflammation and growth factor signalling by acting as an essential multifunctional regulatory subunit of the cell surface shedding protease TACE (ADAM17).
23. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Dissection of the interaction between the intrinsically disordered YAP protein and the transcription factor TEAD

    Yannick Mesrouze, Fedir Bokhovchuk ... Patrick Chène

    A structure-function analysis of the YAP:TEAD interaction permits a thermodynamic mapping of this interface.
24. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Ezrin activation by LOK phosphorylation involves a PIP₂-dependent wedge mechanism

    Thaher Pelaseyed, Raghuvir Viswanatha ... Anthony Bretscher

    Phosphorylation of ezrin involves an unusual mechanism requiring coincident binding to PIP2 and involvement of the non-catalytic domain to gain access to the phosphorylation site thereby restricting selective phosphorylation to the plasma membrane.
25. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Switching of metabolic programs in response to light availability is an essential function of the cyanobacterial circadian output pathway

    Anna M Puszynska, Erin K O'Shea

    The circadian clock of Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 schedules the activity of the transcription factor RpaA, which controls key events in carbon metabolism that contribute to cell fitness in conditions mimicking the natural environment.
26. 1. Neuroscience

    How spatial release from masking may fail to function in a highly directional auditory system

    Norman Lee, Andrew C Mason

    The auditory periphery of Ormia ochracea does not allow for spatial release from masking.
27. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Epstein-Barr virus ensures B cell survival by uniquely modulating apoptosis at early and late times after infection

    Alexander M Price, Joanne Dai ... Micah A Luftig

    Epstein-Barr virus hijacks host anti-apoptotic machinery to ensure survival during latent infection.
28. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Competition between histone and transcription factor binding regulates the onset of transcription in zebrafish embryos

    Shai R Joseph, Máté Pálfy ... Nadine L Vastenhouw

    The relative levels of histones and transcription factors in the nucleus determine transcriptional output in zebrafish embryos.
29. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    TAPBPR bridges UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 onto MHC class I to provide quality control in the antigen presentation pathway

    Andreas Neerincx, Clemens Hermann ... Louise H Boyle

    The recently discovered peptide editor TAPBPR binds to UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 to provide quality control in the antigen presentation pathway by facilitating the reglucosylation of the glycan on MHC class I molecules.
30. 1. Cancer Biology

    Combined ALK and MDM2 inhibition increases antitumor activity and overcomes resistance in human ALK mutant neuroblastoma cell lines and xenograft models

    Hui Qin Wang, Ensar Halilovic ... Fang Li

    The combination of ceritinib with CGM097 demonstrates remarkable antitumor activity in TP53 wild-type neuroblastoma models with ALK aberrations and is able to overcome the resistance acquired during ceritinib treatment.
31. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Loss of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b does not affect epidermal homeostasis but promotes squamous transformation through PPAR-γ

    Lorenzo Rinaldi, Alexandra Avgustinova ... Salvador Aznar Benitah

    Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are dispensable for epidermal homeostasis but act as potent tumor suppressors regarding skin squamous tumorigenesis.
32. 1. Plant Biology

    Arabidopsis 14-3-3 epsilon members contribute to polarity of PIN auxin carrier and auxin transport-related development

    Jutta Keicher, Nina Jaspert ... Claudia Oecking

    Conditional genetic inactivation of a highly conserved, ancestral subgroup of 14-3-3 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals fundamental roles in auxin transport-dependent plant development and post-Golgi trafficking processes.
33. 1. Neuroscience

    Coordinated control of terminal differentiation and restriction of cellular plasticity

    Tulsi Patel, Oliver Hobert

    Transcription factors that specify the identity of individual neuron types via activating terminal differentiation gene batteries also restrict cellular plasticity via altering the chromatin landscape.
34. 1. Neuroscience

    Synaptic input sequence discrimination on behavioral timescales mediated by reaction-diffusion chemistry in dendrites

    Upinder Singh Bhalla

    The powerful computational operation of sequence recognition on behavioral timescales of approximately 1 s may emerge from synaptic activity-triggered build-up of biochemical waves in short 20 micron zones on dendrites.
35. 1. Developmental Biology

    Axon tension regulates fasciculation/defasciculation through the control of axon shaft zippering

    Daniel Šmít, Coralie Fouquet ... Alain Trembleau

    Competition between adhesive and tensile forces regulates axon fasciculation, thus introducing a new role of mechanical tension in the development of neural networks.
36. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Collagen IV and basement membrane at the evolutionary dawn of metazoan tissues

    Aaron L Fidler, Carl E Darris ... Billy G Hudson

    Collagen IV is a primordial extracellular matrix component associated with the transition to animal multicellularity, and enabled the formation and evolution of epithelial tissues.
37. 1. Neuroscience

    Sequential sensory and decision processing in posterior parietal cortex

    Guilhem Ibos, David J Freedman

    Comparison of feature encoding and top-down cognitive signals gives insight into the role of parietal cortex in mediating decision making.
38. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Nonlinear feedback drives homeostatic plasticity in H₂O₂ stress response

    Youlian Goulev, Sandrine Morlot ... Gilles Charvin

    Nonlinear H₂O₂ scavenging by peroxiredoxins drives acquired stress resistance and replicative lifespan hormesis.
39. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Dynamic range adaptation in primary motor cortical populations

    Robert G Rasmussen, Andrew Schwartz, Steven M Chase

    Motor neurons adjust their sensitivity to direction of movement in a manner analogous to how neurons in the visual system adjust their sensitivity to light.
40. 1. Neuroscience

    Monitoring ATP dynamics in electrically active white matter tracts

    Andrea Trevisiol, Aiman S Saab ... Johannes Hirrlinger

    ATP imaging of spiking optic nerve axons in real time reveals correlation between ATP levels and electrical activity as well as contribution of lactate metabolism to axonal ATP homeostasis.
41. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Regulation of mitochondria-dynactin interaction and mitochondrial retrograde transport in axons

    Catherine M Drerup, Amy L Herbert ... Alex V Nechiporuk

    Actr10, a dynactin pointed end protein, is essential for mitochondrial interaction with the dynein-dynactin retrograde motor and subsequent transport.
42. 1. Cell Biology

    Human biallelic MFN2 mutations induce mitochondrial dysfunction, upper body adipose hyperplasia, and suppression of leptin expression

    Nuno Rocha, David A Bulger ... Robert K Semple

    Specific human mitofusin 2 mutations induce selective upper body obesity with suppressed leptin expression and severe adipose mitochondrial dysfunction.
43. 1. Developmental Biology

    Oriented clonal cell dynamics enables accurate growth and shaping of vertebrate cartilage

    Marketa Kaucka, Tomas Zikmund ... Igor Adameyko

    The clonal oriented cell dynamics enables directional expansion and accurate scaling of sheet-like or rod-like cartilaginous elements and uncouples the mechanisms of elongation from thickness or diameter control.
44. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Continuous transport of a small fraction of plasma membrane cholesterol to endoplasmic reticulum regulates total cellular cholesterol

    Rodney Elwood Infante, Arun Radhakrishnan

    A post-lysosomal cholesterol transport inhibitor reveals how the endoplasmic reticulum membrane regulates total cellular cholesterol by constantly monitoring a critical pool of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.
45. 1. Cell Biology

    Centriolar remodeling underlies basal body maturation during ciliogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans

    Inna V Nechipurenko, Cristina Berciu ... Daniela Nicastro

    Building on previous work (Doroquez et al., 2014), it is shown that the centriole core of the basal body degenerates, but the outer wall remodels to template the ciliary axoneme in a subset of C. elegans ciliated sensory neurons.
46. 1. Cell Biology

    Lissencephaly-1 is a context-dependent regulator of the human dynein complex

    Janina Baumbach, Andal Murthy ... Simon L Bullock

    An in vitro reconstitution approach reveals context-dependent roles of Lissencephaly-1 in the regulation of dynein-dynactin behaviour on dynamic microtubules.
47. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    SIRT6 regulates Ras-related protein R-Ras2 by lysine defatty-acylation

    Xiaoyu Zhang, Nicole A Spiegelman ... Hening Lin

    A posttranslational regulatory mechanism for a Ras family small GTPase could open up new directions to understand and control the Ras family of proteins that are important for physiology and diseases.
48. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    The RNF168 paralog RNF169 defines a new class of ubiquitylated histone reader involved in the response to DNA damage

    Julianne Kitevski-LeBlanc, Amélie Fradet-Turcotte ... Lewis E Kay

    A structural model of the dynamic complex comprising the histone reader RNF169 bound to an ubiquitylated nucleosome core particle reveals a three-pronged binding mechanism, which provides specificity for the recognition of DNA double-strand break sites.
49. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Automated deep-phenotyping of the vertebrate brain

    Amin Allalou, Yuelong Wu ... Mehmet Fatih Yanik

    Automated whole-brain analysis of gene expression at cellular resolution detects previously overlooked phenotypes in mutants and reveals parallels between the forebrains of zebrafish and mammals.
50. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Evolutionary changes in transcription factor coding sequence quantitatively alter sensory organ development and function

    Simon Weinberger, Matthew P Topping ... Ariane Ramaekers

    The coding sequences of a very highly conserved family of neurogenic transcription factors from different species have evolved to generate proteins that have different life times causing them to display quantitatively different neural induction potentials.
51. 1. Neuroscience

    Constitutive activation of kappa opioid receptors at ventral tegmental area inhibitory synapses following acute stress

    Abigail M Polter, Kelsey Barcomb ... Julie A Kauer

    Rats exposed to a single stressful event experience days-long constitutive activation of the kappa opioid receptor at inhibitory synapses in part of the brain’s reward system, which increases their drug-seeking behavior.
52. 1. Neuroscience

    Optical control of pain in vivo with a photoactive mGlu₅ receptor negative allosteric modulator

    Joan Font, Marc López-Cano ... Francisco Ciruela

    Localized drug photoactivation provides light-mediated analgesia in behaving mice.
53. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    A novel perivascular cell population in the zebrafish brain

    Marina Venero Galanternik, Daniel Castranova ... Brant M Weinstein

    A new brain perivascular cell type in the zebrafish related to mammalian Fluorescent Granular Perithelial (FGP) cells emerges directly from endothelium during early development.
54. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Landscape of histone modifications in a sponge reveals the origin of animal cis-regulatory complexity

    Federico Gaiti, Katia Jindrich ... Miloš Tanurdžić

    The complex chromatin-based genomic regulatory system controlling developmental gene expression in complex bilaterians predates the evolution of morphological complexity and may have been a prerequisite for the evolution of the first simple multicellular animals.
55. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Elucidation of the anti-autophagy mechanism of the Legionella effector RavZ using semisynthetic LC3 proteins

    Aimin Yang, Supansa Pantoom, Yao-Wen Wu

    Legionella effector RavZ evades host autophagy by extracting LC3-PE from the membrane before deconjugation.
56. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Emergence and evolution of an interaction between intrinsically disordered proteins

    Greta Hultqvist, Emma Åberg ... Per Jemth

    The resurrection of ancient ancestral intrinsically disordered proteins reveals the evolution of a protein-protein interaction in molecular detail.
57. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    O-GlcNAc on NOTCH1 EGF repeats regulates ligand-induced Notch signaling and vascular development in mammals

    Shogo Sawaguchi, Shweta Varshney ... Tetsuya Okajima

    The transfer of O-GlcNAc by EOGT to specific EGF repeats of NOTCH1 promotes DLL4 binding, Notch signaling, and retinal vascular development.
58. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Engineering of a synthetic quadrastable gene network to approach Waddington landscape and cell fate determination

    Fuqing Wu, Ri-Qi Su ... Xiao Wang

    A synthetic quadrastable gene network provides a synthetic biology framework to study cell fate determination.
59. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Functional and mutational landscapes of BRCA1 for homology-directed repair and therapy resistance

    Rachel W Anantha, Srilatha Simhadri ... Bing Xia

    Systematic analyses of natural variants and artificial mutants establish functional landscapes of BRCA1 for homology-directed repair (HDR) and therapy resistance and identify the BRCA1-PALB2 interaction as a key control point for HDR pathway choice.
60. 1. Neuroscience

    Emergence of transformation-tolerant representations of visual objects in rat lateral extrastriate cortex

    Sina Tafazoli, Houman Safaai ... Davide Zoccolan

    Neuronal recordings from rat visual cortex reveal an object-processing pathway, along which neuronal representations become increasingly capable of supporting recognition of visual objects in spite of variation in their appearance.
61. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Co-option of an endogenous retrovirus envelope for host defense in hominid ancestors

    Daniel Blanco-Melo, Robert J Gifford, Paul D Bieniasz

    The reconstitution of a functional envelope protein from an extinct hominid retrovirus reveals its receptor and an ancient host defense that may have led to the extinction of the virus.
62. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    A metabolic switch controls intestinal differentiation downstream of Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)

    Imelda T Sandoval, Richard Glenn C Delacruz ... David A Jones

    The tumor suppressor APC regulates a metabolic program that drives normal intestinal differentiation in zebrafish.
63. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    A nanobody-based toolset to investigate the role of protein localization and dispersal in Drosophila

    Stefan Harmansa, Ilaria Alborelli ... Markus Affolter

    Functionalized protein binders, anchored to specific regions along the cell cortex, provide a novel approach to directly modify protein localization and dispersal in vivo.
64. 1. Neuroscience

    Steroid hormone induction of temporal gene expression in Drosophila brain neuroblasts generates neuronal and glial diversity

    Mubarak Hussain Syed, Brandon Mark, Chris Q Doe

    A steroid hormone acts directly on brain neural progenitors to coordinately alter gene expression and specify neuronal and glial cell types.
65. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    EED orchestration of heart maturation through interaction with HDACs is H3K27me3-independent

    Shanshan Ai, Yong Peng ... Aibin He

    During heart maturation, embryonic ectoderm development as a chromatin remodeler triggers transcriptional silencing, while H3K27me3 is a passenger that is not sufficient for gene silencing.
66. 1. Cell Biology

    AMPK and vacuole-associated Atg14p orchestrate μ-lipophagy for energy production and long-term survival under glucose starvation

    Arnold Y Seo, Pick-Wei Lau ... Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz

    Upon AMPK activation by acute glucose restriction, Atg14p shifts its distribution from ER exit sites to liquid-ordered membrane domains on the vacuolar surface where, together with Atg6p, it facilitates LD-specific autophagy (i.e., microautophagy of lipid droplets) for energy production and long-term survival of starved cells.
67. 1. Neuroscience

    Roundabout receptor 2 maintains inhibitory control of the adult midbrain

    Bryan B Gore, Samara M Miller ... Larry S Zweifel

    The developmental axon guidance receptor roundabout 2 maintains inhibitory synaptic connectivity in the adult brain; demonstrating continued essential function of this receptor in regulating synaptic function in the CNS.
68. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structure of a AAA+ unfoldase in the process of unfolding substrate

    Zev A Ripstein, Rui Huang ... John L Rubinstein

    The structure of a substrate-engaged AAA+ unfoldase suggests a model for processive unfolding that is supported by biochemical data.
69. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Unfair competition governs the interaction of pCPI-17 with myosin phosphatase (PP1-MYPT1)

    Joshua J Filter, Byron C Williams ... Michael L Goldberg

    Unfair competition, in which a phosphatase and a phosphoprotein inhibitor/substrate mutually sequester each other from competing substrates and enzymes, is a conserved mechanism for the control of PPP family phosphatases.
70. 1. Developmental Biology

    Evolution of the hypoxia-sensitive cells involved in amniote respiratory reflexes

    Dorit Hockman, Alan J Burns ... Clare V H Baker

    Embryonic fate-mapping approaches in zebrafish, Xenopus and lamprey illuminate the evolutionary origins of carotid body glomus cells and pulmonary neuroendocrine cells.
71. 1. Neuroscience

    Purinergic regulation of vascular tone in the retrotrapezoid nucleus is specialized to support the drive to breathe

    Virginia E Hawkins, Ana C Takakura ... Daniel K Mulkey

    CO₂/H⁺-dependent purinergic signaling by astrocytes provides specialized control of vascular tone in a brainstem respiratory center in a manner that contributes to respiratory behavior.
72. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Domestic chickens activate a piRNA defense against avian leukosis virus

    Yu Huining Sun, Li Huitong Xie ... Xin Zhiguo Li

    To protect the germ line genome, chickens acquire new small RNA-based immune defense in response to recently endogenized retroviruses by turning a truncated provirus into a weapon.
73. 1. Neuroscience

    Dynamic modulation of decision biases by brainstem arousal systems

    Jan Willem de Gee, Olympia Colizoli ... Tobias H Donner

    Rapid increases in the brain’s level of alertness, or arousal, contribute to variability in decision making by reducing existing biases.
74. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Global analysis of gene expression reveals mRNA superinduction is required for the inducible immune response to a bacterial pathogen

    Kevin C Barry, Nicholas T Ingolia, Russell E Vance

    Infected cells superinduce expression of mRNA in order to initiate an immune response to a bacterial pathogen that blocks host protein synthesis.
75. 1. Neuroscience

    Complementary codes for odor identity and intensity in olfactory cortex

    Kevin A Bolding, Kevin M Franks

    Different features of an odor can be represented in mouse olfactory cortex using the particular ensemble of responsive neurons to represent odor identity and the synchrony of the ensemble activity to represent odor intensity.
76. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural basis of protein translocation by the Vps4-Vta1 AAA ATPase

    Nicole Monroe, Han Han ... Christopher P Hill

    A cryo-electron microscopy structure of a substrate-bound Vps4-Vta1 AAA ATPase reveals an asymmetric hexameric ring and suggests how nucleotide-induced changes in subunit interfaces translocate polypeptides into the central pore.
77. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    La-related protein 1 (LARP1) binds the mRNA cap, blocking eIF4F assembly on TOP mRNAs

    Roni M Lahr, Bruno D Fonseca ... Andrea J Berman

    La-related protein 1 specifically and directly binds the 5' cap and first nucleotide of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins and translation factors, inhibiting the assembly of translation initiation factors on these messages and therefore their translation.
78. 1. Ecology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Subcellular tracking reveals the location of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in microalgae and visualises its uptake by marine bacteria

    Jean-Baptiste Raina, Peta L Clode ... David G Bourne

    The intracellular location of a key sulfur compound, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, was identified in microalgae and its subsequent uptake by marine bacteria was quantified using a combination of secondary-ion mass-spectrometry techniques.
79. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Concerted action of neuroepithelial basal shrinkage and active epithelial migration ensures efficient optic cup morphogenesis

    Jaydeep Sidhaye, Caren Norden

    Cellular and tissue level analysis reveals how different cell behaviors involving dynamics of the basal domain cooperate in space and time to shape an epithelial organ.
80. 1. Neuroscience

    A causal relationship between face-patch activity and face-detection behavior

    Srivatsun Sadagopan, Wilbert Zarco, Winrich A Freiwald

    Disrupting the activity of the medial lateral face patch (ML) using fMRI-targeted microinjections of muscimol leads to anatomically and categorically specific impairments in a naturalistic face detection task.
81. 1. Neuroscience

    Rules and mechanisms for efficient two-stage learning in neural circuits

    Tiberiu Teşileanu, Bence Ölveczky, Vijay Balasubramanian

    Teaching signals from "tutor" brain areas should be adapted to the plasticity mechanisms in "student" areas to achieve efficient learning in two-stage systems such as the vocal control circuit of the songbird.
82. 1. Neuroscience

    Somatostatin-positive interneurons in the dentate gyrus of mice provide local- and long-range septal synaptic inhibition

    Mei Yuan, Thomas Meyer ... Marlene Bartos

    Somatostatin-expressing interneurons of the rodent dentate gyrus fall into at least two functionally distinct interneuron types with different synaptic integrations into the local dentate gyrus and the more distant medial septum neuronal network.