Mapping DNA replication timing, allied to genetic analysis of a RecQ repair helicase, reveals that antigenic variation in the African trypanosome may be initiated by locus-specific, replication-derived sequence instability.

The VSG gene controls its monoallelic expression, and expression site activity determines developmental progression.

Nuclear phosphoinositide signaling controls telomeric gene repression and activation essential for switching expression of surface antigen genes and thus antigenic variation.

Each dengue serotype contains moderate antigenic diversity, and population immunity drives clade turnover in a hyperendemic population.

Malaria parasites avoid destruction by their host's immune response through systematic and coordinated expression switching between members of a network of variant antigen-encoding genes, a process that is mediated by a uniquely conserved gene called var2csa.

The first comprehensive analysis of antigenic switching in the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium falciparum provides new insights into the process that prevents individuals from acquiring immunity to the disease.

Mathematical modeling shows that local populations of the malaria parasite self-organize into a limited number of transient but distinct strains through competition for hosts in immunity space.

Swine populations worldwide are sporadically infected by influenza viruses from humans and birds leading to geographically heterogeneous swine influenza virus populations that pose epizootic and pandemic threats.

A robust procedure to purify mRNAs and their associated proteins identify CFB2 as the critical protein that binds and influences the fate of the main virulence factor in Trypanosoma brucei.

Three complementary computational approaches reveal a set of putative causes of initiation of pan-USA waves of influenza.