Motor neurons adjust their sensitivity to direction of movement in a manner analogous to how neurons in the visual system adjust their sensitivity to light.

Peripheral retinal input transiently amplifies information transmission from ganglion cells, dynamically allocating the resources of neural activity to times of expected high information content.

In a fast brainstem relay controlling hearing sensitivity, descending synaptic control from midbrain provides the dominant source of excitation, due to a distinct form of synaptic plasticity.

Delayed inhibition precisely balances excitation from arbitrary combinations of CA3 neurons and controls the gain of CA1 output by reducing inhibitory delay with increasing excitation.

To make reliable but metabolically efficient perceptual inferences in a changing world, neural systems should dynamically adapt based on surprise and uncertainty about the sensory environment.

Hemoglobin affinity and cooperativity reveal mechanistic insights in how the relation between physiology and evolutionary variations shape a protein's molecular property.

New experiments and theory reveal how the ability to see image details depends upon photoreceptor function and eye movements, and how fruit flies (Drosophila) see spatial details beyond the optical limit of their compound eyes.

Odor conditioning induces two changes in olfactory neurons: non-associative sensory adaptation to odor history, and associative, bidirectional changes in behavioral output that are oppositely regulated in aversive and appetitive learning.

Slow presynaptic depression in olfactory receptor neurons rescales combinatorial odor representations in postsynaptic neurons and mediates the encoding of stimulus mean and variance.

Radiotelemetric and genetic studies of peripheral tissue response show that a peripheral tissue can dynamically alter cardiovascular adaptation to changes in environmental oxygen.