AGRP neurons integrate environmental food-related cues with internal metabolic signals to modulate interscapular brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and energy expenditure, at least in part, via mTORC1 signalling.

In sensory neurons, the receptors LXRα and LXRβ sense dietary-derived molecules to regulate whole body energy expenditure, and present a possible target for new anti-obesity agents.

The preoptic area (POA) regulates distinct metabolic adaptations, via leptin-dependent (fasting-induced hypometabolism and high-fat-diet-induced hypermetabolism), or leptin-independent mechanisms (temperature induced metabolic changes) and thus significantly contributes to body weight homeostasis.

CART exerts differential metabolic effects in response to activation of neurons of the Arc, where CART suppresses energy expenditure, while it enforces the reward characteristics of the LHA.

Reduced energy expenditure in obesity may result from reduced sensitivity to sympathetic activation due to inflammation-generated signals in adipose tissue.

The Acyl-CoA binding domain-containing 7 (Acbd7) gene is expressed in the hypothalamus, encodes a peptide that suppresses appetite, increases metabolic rate and interacts with the leptin-melanocortin system.

The metabolic rate of mice is disproportionately affected by the site of experimentation, affecting the phenotypic interpretation of genetically modified strains.

Novel heart rate strategies that minimize energy expenditure during the day are necessary to cope with high energy nocturnal lifestyles of tent-making bats.

Deletion of optic atrophy 1 in brown adipose tissue induces secretion of growth differentiation factor 15 as a batokine to attenuate diet-induced obesity and improve glucose clearance, hepatic steatosis, and thermoregulation in mice by increasing energy expenditure.

tTARGIT AAVs offer a new approach to manipulate intersectional populations that produce selective and robust transgene expression and are easily modified.