The extinct stilt-legged equids of North America are not related to Asiatic asses or horses, but instead represent a distinct lineage outside of living equid diversity that became extinct in the terminal Pleistocene.

A late Middle Pleistocene age for Homo naledi demonstrates a diversity of hominin species in Africa at this critical time in the archaeological record.

Abundant mitochondrial DNA of long-extinct large mammals in recent sediment of Siberian lakes suggests complex taphonomic redistribution.

Independent dating techniques have established that the H. naledi fossils are between 236 and 335 thousand years old, indicating that small-brained hominins with relatively primitive body shapes co-existed with our early ancestors in Africa.

The first nuclear genomes of the Equus (Sussemionus) ovodovi enable us to reconstruct the speciation and extinction trajectory of this lineage.

Evolutionary dynamics of polyploid plants of the genus Cochlearia during past periods of rapid climate change indicate increased rates of speciation and diversification in response to pronounced glacial cycles and cold periods in particular.

DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene reveal that the extinct Eurasian straight-tusked elephants were closely related to today's African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in Africa.

There is no relationship between the demographic susceptibility to extinction and the estimated extinction chronology among Sahul’s megafauna, suggesting that human choices, a species’ ecological requirements, and/or random climate variation instead determined the extinction chronology.

A new high-resolution approach to probing tooth chemistry shows real potential to uncover changing rainfall patterns and environmental conditions during human prehistory.