In situ cryo-electron tomography resolves individual photosynthetic complexes within native thylakoid membranes, revealing how thylakoid architecture sorts proteins into discrete membrane domains.

Serial-Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF-SEM) associated with biomolecular analysis show that chloroplast differentiation proceeds by distinct ‘structure establishment’ and ‘chloroplast proliferation’ phases, each with differential protein and lipid regulation.

The first 3D views of the native algal chloroplast provide new insights into thylakoid biogenesis, photosynthesis, and carbon fixation.

The nature of the phycobilisome–photosystem II supercomplex on the native thylakoid determined with cryo-electron tomography at an unprecedented resolution reveals that one phycobilisome interconnects with six photosystem monomers.

Storage of solar energy in the thylakoid electrical field by photosynthesis in vivo can substantially destabilize charge-separated states in photosystem II, leading to singlet oxygen production and photodamage, contributing to loss of productivity, especially under fluctuating light experienced in the field.

Photosystem II, the pigment-protein complex responsible for water oxidation in photosynthesis, was found to exist in two different core conformations with altered antennae connectivity.

The regulatory switch from protection to assimilation, which plants use to exploit natural, fluctuating light, involves movement of the enzyme ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase between chloroplast membrane complexes.

Photodamaged chloroplasts are targeted for vacuolar degradation through microautophagy by the NBR1 autophagy receptor without the participation of the canonical autophagy machinery.

Light-harvesting complex stress-related is a protein from photosynthetic green algae that prevents damage from sunlight via two distinct conformational processes, which protect against different timescales of solar fluctuations.