Cell wall remodeling drives engulfment during Bacillus subtilis sporulation
Abstract
When starved, the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis forms durable spores for survival. Sporulation initiates with an asymmetric cell division, creating a large mother cell and a small forespore. Subsequently, the mother cell membrane engulfs the forespore in a phagocytosis-like process. However, the force generation mechanism for forward membrane movement remains unknown. Here, we show that membrane migration is driven by cell wall remodeling at the leading edge of the engulfing membrane, with peptidoglycan synthesis and degradation mediated by penicillin binding proteins in the forespore and a cell wall degradation protein complex in the mother cell. We propose a simple model for engulfment in which the junction between the septum and the lateral cell wall moves around the forespore by a mechanism resembling the 'template model'. Hence, we establish a biophysical mechanism for the creation of a force for engulfment based on the coordination between cell wall synthesis and degradation.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
European Research Council (280492-PPHPI)
- Nikola Ojkic
- Robert G Endres
European Molecular Biology Organization (ATLF1274-2011)
- Javier López-Garrido
National Institutes of Health (R01-GM57045)
- Kit Pogliano
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Reviewing Editor
- Avigdor Eldar, Tel Aviv University, Israel
Version history
- Received: June 10, 2016
- Accepted: November 14, 2016
- Accepted Manuscript published: November 17, 2016 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: December 8, 2016 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2016, Ojkic et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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