Functional instability allows access to DNA in longer Transcription Activator-Like Effector (TALE) arrays
Abstract
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) bind DNA through an array of tandem 34-residue repeats. How TALE repeat domains wrap around DNA, often extending more than 1.5 helical turns, without using external energy is not well understood. Here, we examine the kinetics of DNA binding of TALE arrays with varying numbers of identical repeats. Single molecule fluorescence analysis and deterministic modeling reveal conformational heterogeneity in both the free- and DNA-bound TALE arrays. Our findings, combined with previously identified partly folded states, indicate a TALE instability that is functionally important for DNA binding. For TALEs forming less than one superhelical turn around DNA, partly folded states inhibit DNA binding. In contrast, for TALEs forming more than one turn, partly folded states facilitate DNA binding, demonstrating a mode of 'functional instability' that facilitates macromolecular assembly. Increasing repeat number slows down interconversion between the various DNA-free and DNA-bound states.
Data availability
Source data files have been provided for Figure 3. Source code and data files related to Figure 6 are publicly available and can be found at https://github.com/kgeigers/DeMASK.
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Source code for DeMASK: Deterministic Modeling for Analysis of complex Single molecule KineticsGithub, doi:10.5281/zenodo.2538666.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32-GM008403)
- Kathryn Geiger-Schuller
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01-GM068462)
- Doug Barrick
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM1129659)
- Taekjip Ha
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Reviewing Editor
- Antoine M van Oijen, University of Wollongong, Australia
Version history
- Received: May 11, 2018
- Accepted: February 27, 2019
- Accepted Manuscript published: February 27, 2019 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: April 12, 2019 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2019, Geiger-Schuller et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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